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Compare Cape Verde (2001) - Niue (2002)
Compare Cape Verde (2001) z Niue (2002)
| Cape Verde (2001) | Niue (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 14 districts (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Fogo, Maio, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal; note - there may be a new administrative structure of 16 districts (Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Domingos, Sao Nicolau, Sao Filipe, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal) | none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
42.79% (male 87,458; female 85,895) 15-64 years: 50.76% (male 97,812; female 107,834) 65 years and over: 6.45% (male 10,204; female 15,960) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: NA%
15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
| Agriculture - products | bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts; fish | coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle |
| Airports | 8 (2000) | 1 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
8 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 7 (2000) |
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002) |
| Area | total:
4,033 sq km land: 4,033 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 260 sq km
land: 260 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly larger than Rhode Island | 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | The uninhabited islands were discovered and colonized by the Portuguese in the 15th century; they subsequently became a trading center for African slaves. Most Cape Verdeans descend from both groups. Independence was achieved in 1975. | Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2002) with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest. |
| Birth rate | 28.71 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | NA births/1,000 population |
| Budget | revenues:
$188 million expenditures: $228 million, including capital expenditures of $116 million (1996) |
revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA |
| Capital | Praia | Alofi |
| Climate | temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic | tropical; modified by southeast trade winds |
| Coastline | 965 km | 64 km |
| Constitution | new constitution came into force 25 September 1992; underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantially increasing the powers of the president | 19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act) |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Republic of Cape Verde conventional short form: Cape Verde local long form: Republica de Cabo Verde local short form: Cabo Verde |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Niue former: Savage Island |
| Currency | Cape Verdean escudo (CVE) | New Zealand dollar (NZD) |
| Death rate | 7.19 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | NA deaths/1,000 population |
| Debt - external | $260 million (2000) | $NA |
| Dependency status | - | self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Michael D. METELITS embassy: Rua Abilio Macedo 81, Praia mailing address: C. P. 201, Praia telephone: [238] 61 56 16 FAX: [238] 61 13 55 |
none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Ferdinand Amilcar Spencer LOPES chancery: 3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 965-6820 FAX: [1] (202) 965-1207 consulate(s) general: Boston |
none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $111.3 million (1995) | $2.6 million from New Zealand (2002) |
| Economy - overview | Cape Verde's low per capita GDP reflects a poor natural resource base, including serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought. The economy is service-oriented, with commerce, transport, and public services accounting for almost 70% of GDP. Although nearly 70% of the population lives in rural areas, the share of agriculture in GDP in 1998 was only 13%, of which fishing accounts for 1.5%. About 90% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by foreign aid and remittances from emigrants; remittances constitute a supplement to GDP of more than 20%. Economic reforms, launched by the new democratic government in 1991, are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy. Prospects for 2001 depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, remittances, and the momentum of the government's development program. | The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 will be about $2.6 million. |
| Electricity - consumption | 37.2 million kWh (1999) | 2.79 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | 40 million kWh (1999) | 3 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mt. Fogo 2,829 m (a volcano on Fogo Island) |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m |
| Environment - current issues | overgrazing of livestock and improper land use such as the cultivation of crops on steep slopes has led to soil erosion; demand for wood used as fuel has resulted in deforestation; desertification; environmental damage has threatened several species of birds and reptiles; overfishing | increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
| Ethnic groups | Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1% | Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans) |
| Exchange rates | Cape Verdean escudos per US dollar - 123.080 (December 2000), 115.877 (2000), 102.700 (1999), 98.158 (1998), 93.177 (1997), 82.591 (1996) | New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.3535 (January 2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998), 1.5082 (1997) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
President Pedro PIRES (since 22 March 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (since 1 February 1991) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister from among the members of the National Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 11 and 25 February 2001 (next to be held NA February 2006); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president election results: Pedro PIRES elected president; percent of vote - Pedro PIRES (PAICV) 49.43%, Carlos VIEGA (MPD) 49.42%; note: the election was won by only twelve votes |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000)
head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002) cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005) election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI)30% |
| Exports | $40 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) | $137,200 (1999) |
| Exports - commodities | fuel, shoes, garments, fish, bananas, hides | canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts |
| Exports - partners | Portugal, UK, Germany, Spain, France, Malaysia | NZ mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | three horizontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a horizontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands | yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $670 million (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
13% industry: 19% services: 68% (1998) |
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: 55% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $1,700 (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 6% (2000 est.) | -0.3% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 16 00 N, 24 00 W | 19 02 S, 169 52 W |
| Geography - note | strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site | one of world's largest coral islands |
| Highways | total:
1,100 km paved: 858 km unpaved: 242 km (1996) |
total: 234 km
paved: 86 km unpaved: 148 km (106 km of which is access and plantation road) (2001) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving from Latin America and Africa destined for Western Europe | - |
| Imports | $250 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) | $2.38 million (1999) |
| Imports - commodities | foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels | food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs |
| Imports - partners | Portugal, Netherlands, France, UK, Spain, US | NZ mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US |
| Independence | 5 July 1975 (from Portugal) | on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair | tourism, handicrafts, food processing |
| Infant mortality rate | 53.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | NA deaths/1,000 live births |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 4% (2000) | 1% (1995) (1995) |
| International organization participation | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNTAET, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) | ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | 1,500 to 2,000 hectares (1999) | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia | Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue |
| Labor force | NA | NA |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
11% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 6% forests and woodland: 0% other: 83% (1993 est.) |
arable land: 19.23%
permanent crops: 7.69% other: 73.08% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words) | Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English |
| Legal system | derived from the legal system of Portugal | English common law
note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws |
| Legislative branch | unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA December 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - PAICV 47.3%, MPD 39.8%, ADM 6%, other 6.9%; seats by party - PAICV 40, MPD 30, ADM 2 |
unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives)
elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held in March 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
69.21 years male: 65.93 years female: 72.6 years (2001 est.) |
total population: NA years
male: NA years female: NA years |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 71.6% male: 81.4% female: 63.8% (1995 est.) |
definition: NA
total population: 95% male: NA% female: NA% |
| Location | Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal | Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga |
| Map references | World | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
contiguous zone: 24 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | total:
5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,523 GRT/11,798 DWT ships by type: cargo 4, chemical tanker 1 (2000 est.) |
none (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of New Zealand |
| Military branches | Army, Coast Guard/Marines | no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $4 million (FY96) | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 1.8% (FY96) | - |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49:
89,543 (2001 est.) |
- |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49:
50,615 (2001 est.) |
- |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 5 July (1975) | Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) |
| Nationality | noun:
Cape Verdean(s) adjective: Cape Verdean |
noun: Niuean(s)
adjective: Niuean |
| Natural hazards | prolonged droughts; harmattan wind can obscure visibility; volcanically and seismically active | typhoons |
| Natural resources | salt, basalt rock, pozzuolana (a siliceous volcanic ash used to produce hydraulic cement), limestone, kaolin, fish | fish, arable land |
| Net migration rate | -12.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population |
| Political parties and leaders | African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Change or ADM [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID); Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Jacinto SANTOS, president]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Antonio Gualberto do ROSARIO, president]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO, president]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Dr. Oresimo SILVEIRA, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM, president]; Union for an Independent Democratic Cape Verde or UCID [Antonio MONTEIRO, president] | Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | NA |
| Population | 405,163 (July 2001 est.) | 2,134 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 0.92% (2001 est.) | 0.5% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Mindelo, Praia, Tarrafal | none; offshore anchorage only |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 0, FM 11 (and 14 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | 73,000 (1997) | 1,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km | 0 km |
| Religions | Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs); Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene) | Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist) |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
NA |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
effective system, being improved domestic: interisland microwave radio relay system with both analog and digital exchanges; work is in progress on a submarine fiber-optic cable system which was scheduled for completion in 1998 international: 2 coaxial submarine cables; HF radiotelephone to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island
international: NA |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 45,644 (2000) | 376 (1991) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 19,729 (1997) | 0 (1991) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (1997) | 1 (1997) |
| Terrain | steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic | steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau |
| Total fertility rate | 4.05 children born/woman (2001 est.) | NA children born/woman |
| Unemployment rate | 24% (1999 est.) | NA% |
| Waterways | none | none |
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